The international armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine has displaced millions of people, a fact that has constituted the greatest humanitarian crisis in Europe since the Second World War. According to the United Nations Office for Refugees, from February 24, 2022, they have registered more than six million refugees coming from Ukraine into the rest of Europe, and another almost 400,000 to places outside of Europe. Of the Ukrainian refugees in Europe, more than 4.3 million have registered to receive temporary protection or, in other countries, where there are similar forms of protection.

For their part, the International Organization for Migration calculates that in Ukraine itself there are 3.7 million people who are internally displaced. It has also stated that more than two-thirds of those displaced (70%) have been displaced for a year or more. During this more than two years of conflict, 4.6 million people have returned to their habitual place of residence after a significant period of displacement either from a foreign country or from inside of Ukraine. The data from the IOM indicate that the people who have returned from outside of Ukraine represent only 22% of the total. Of these, it is estimated that 298,000 continue to be displaced inside of Ukraine.

In spite of the great efforts made by the United States and the European Union, the war has brought on serious consequences of a world-wide scale, foremost of these being an energy and food crisis. The drastic fall in production and exports has affected the least favored economies. It should be recalled that Ukrainian exports, especially those of wheat, have been crucial for some Asian and African countries. That is exemplified by data showing that between 2016 and 2021, they received 92% of Ukrainian wheat

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